Handout - Lecture 07

The University of Hong Kong

Common Core Course  2011-2012

China: Culture, State and Society

Chinese House and Garden: Architecture, Landscape, and Material Culture (CCCH 9001)

Lecture 07 (09/11/2011)

Nature and Landscape: Painting and the Design of Garden

1. Man and Nature

1.      Gardens and Parks in the World Perspective

2.      Daoism and Nature as Beauty:

Lao-zi 老子, Zhuang-zi 莊子and Confucious 孔子

3.      From Nature to Artificial Landscape:                         

i. Follow the Nature 源於自然 法於自然

ii.       Representation of Nature and Framing the Nature

iii.        Beyond Square and Circle -asymmetry, irregularity, curvilinear

2. The Origin of Chinese Garden

1.      Early Imperial Parks: Imperial Hunts, Parks and Gardens                                             Shang- Lin Park 上林苑 in Han Poetry 漢賦 and the idea of Strange Scenery 奇景

2.      Mountain and Legends of Immortals in Daoism 神仙思想

i.  Fairy Mountain, Sea, Island and Grotto:

Eastern Sea 東海, Kun-Lun Mountain 崑崙山 and Peng-Lai Island 蓬萊仙島

ii. Becoming Immortals: Pavilion 亭, Terrace台, Tower 樓閣and Pagoda 塔

3.      Microcosm of Nature:                                                                                    Micro-landscape of Pond 盆池 ; Rock and Tree in Miniature Garden 盆景

4.      Escapist Thought and Scholar’s Retreat

i.      The Recluse after the Han Dynasty: The Seven Hermits 竹林七賢                        ii.   Tao Yuan-Ming 陶淵明: Retire to Nature 歸去來兮                      

iii.       Bai Ju-Yi 白居易: Ten Acre Garden 十畝園

3. Literati and Landscape Painting

1.      Mountain and Water in Landscape Painting；Nature in Poetry and Painting

山水畫與山水詩: 詩中有畫/畫中有詩

2.      Yi-Jing 意境: mind and milieu, mind and image, of poetic and painterly aesthetic

3.         Framing the Landscape and the concept of Space in Time: Hanging Scroll掛軸; Hand-scroll 卷軸 and Album Leaves 冊頁

4.         Painting, Landscape and Experiences:  travel可行, wander and stroll 可遊, gaze 可觀, dwell 可居 (Guoxi  郭熙 Landscape Principles山水訓: 林泉高致)

4. The Craft of Gardens 園冶 and the Design of Garden in Jiangnan

1.      The Craft of Gardens 園冶 by Ji-Cheng 計成 (1582 - 1642)

i.  The Theory of Construction 興造論 and On Gardens 園說

-               Mind & Craft: Master’s Design over the Craftsmanship

              三分匠, 七分主人

-               ”Follow” and “Borrowed From”; Flexibility and Adaptability to Context 巧於因借, 精在體宜

ii.        Site Selection相地 Layouts立基 Buildings 屋宇 Non-Structure 裝折 Handrail 欄杆

iii.        Door and Window門窗, Wall牆垣, Paving鋪地, Scenic Feature掇山, Selection of Rocks選石, making use of Surrounding Sceneries 借景

2.       The Design of Garden: The Lingering Garden 留園

i.   Organization of Circulation and Area of Scenery遊園動線和景區:

-     Movement and Change of Scenery步移景異

-      Separation and Curvilinear or Zigzag Arrangement隔, 曲

ii.         View and Perception: Depth and Layer景深; Borrowed Scenery借景;   Opposite View對景; Framed View框景

iii.        Mountain and Water:  Selection of Rocks選石, Mountain Molding 堆山/疊山, Pools Design 理水

iv.       Themes：Architecture, Vegetation and Seasons

Required Reading List:

Pao-The, Han. The story of Chinese landscape design: external forms and internal visions. Taiwan: Youth Cultural Enterprise, 1992. (Chapter 3 & Chapter 6)

Boyd, Andrew. Chinese Architecture and Town Planning 1500 B.C. – 1911 A.D.. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1962. (Chapter IV)

Keswick, Maggie. The Chinese Garden. London: Academy Editions, 1986.

Recommended Reading List:

Cheng, Ji. The Craft of Gardens. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988.

Cong-Zhou, Chen. On Chinese Gardens. Shanghai: Tongji University Press, 1994.

Inn, Henry. Chinese Houses and Gardens. London: Kegan Paul Limited, 2001. (Part One: Chapter 3 & 4)

Clunas, Craig. Fruitful Sites: Garden Culture in Ming Dynasty China. US: Duke University Press, 1996.

彭一剛著，《中國古典園林分析》，北京: 中國建築工業出版社，2004.

夏世昌著，《園林述要》，廣州: 華南理工大學出版社，1995.

趙光輝著，《中國寺廟的園林環境》，北京: 北京旅遊出版社，1987.

陳從周著，《說園》，上海: 同濟大學出版社，1994.

羅哲文著，《中國古園林》，北京: 中國建築工業出版社，1999.

漢寶德著，《物像與心境 - 中國的園林》，台北: 幼獅文化事業公司，1990.

楊鴻勛著，《江南園林論》，上海: 上海人民出版社，1994.